Criterion Referenced Tests and the Norm Referenced Tests Research Paper

Criterion Referenced Tests and the Norm Referenced Tests - Research Paper Example This essay highlights that  the criterion-referenced tests are intended to measure a person understands of a specific concept or skills that were required and are usually used in job evaluations and also in acquiring licenses. Under the CRT the tests are either a pass or a fail for a particular test since it tests if one has conceptualized a given concept or skill or not. The norm-referenced tests on the other hand are used to compare a given examinee with the other examinees. Under the norm-standard tests the examinees are given a similar test and they are compared against the results of each other that are put on a graph where the normal distribution is analyzed and the other extremes on either side of the curve are also characterized.  This discussion stresses that  the norm-referenced tests are usually used in schools and in grading students to understand the students that can make it to the next level as they are used to test their capability in the specific subjects and h ow they relate to their development educationally. As opposed to the CRT where there are no ranks but only a pass or a fail the ranking system is the most important aspect of the NRT system since the students that will pass and those that have failed need to be known to the teacher or practitioner.  The NRTs use criteria where the student is compared with other students in the classroom to gauge their capability in comparison to their peers.

Write short notes on four of the followings Essay

Write short notes on four of the followings - Essay Example This is because the psychological laboratories that were developed later on took the structure of Wundt’s laboratory. The experiments that Wundt conducted mainly were ground-breaking in nature since they were deviating from the conventional methods of studying psychology to new ways that were not focused on the sciences of nature or the philosophical point of view (Bembenutty 2007). Wundt engaged in experimental methods towards approaching psychological studies. He believed that the reality or the fundamentals of the changes that occurred in an organism relied on an interaction of the two essential processes, which combined to form a psychophysical reaction. The two include; the physiological process that depends on the body functions and the psychological process that depended on mental factors (Hochstetler 2007). Wundt was the initiator of the conception of the identification of occurrences in the mind in relation to external stimuli that could be measurable. In his view, the human mind needs to be considered as an action rather than an object (Harvey 2007). This view was focused on the perceptio n that psychology was not just a subject, but a complex one too that comprised a philosophical perspective in the manner that people perceive issues. In Wundt’s perspective, psychology that encompassed the physiology was understood as a study that was focused on the processes of reactions that originated from exposure of the sensory cells to stimuli, leading to the motivation of the brain and then the muscles of the body leading to a particular behavior in reaction to the stimuli (Bembenutty 2007). This process was paralleled by the contemplation of an individual’s thoughts which defined the events of the mental activities in life. This contemplation was what Wundt based psychological experimentations. In other words, introspection was fundamental to the success of the works of Wundt (Shana