Visy Supply Chain Management

Executive Summary Managing operations and Supplies are business processes that ensure adequate supply of materials in a company at the right time at an appropriate competitive cost. Visy, being in the business of packaging, paper manufacture and recycling requires a constant supply of materials for its production.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Visy Supply Chain Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the company has adequate supply of materials, it is able to produce goods in the right time at an affordable and competitive price. To understand and know areas of improvement of the company’s supply chain management, this report will take an analysis of current supply chain situation in the company and give recommendations on value-adding services that the company can implement in the context of logistics operations. To get the information required for the report, the researcher will use internal information from the company’s website, take a research on consumer preferences and their attitude and finally take a competitive analysis where products of other similar companies will be considered (Visy official website, 2011). Introduction Having a good supply chain management makes a company have continuous production. It ensures that there are adequate supplies at an appropriate price and time. When this is attained, a company gains competitive advantage (Khoo, Bainbridge, spedding and Taplin, 2001). Visy is in the business of collecting waste paper and manufacturing packaging products, the company’s operation are favored by environment conservations in the world; since the company plays a crucial part in maintain a clean environment. On the other hand, the products from the company are recyclable thus; it gets favor from international and national communities. A second strength of the company is a strong brand name in the highly competitive advantage; the name a ssists the company tap opportunities brought about by globalization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One threat facing the company is high competition and the situation of world economies, there are increasing entrants in the industry and the world economic growth rate has been hampered by global financial crisis of 2007 (Hsu, Tan, Kannan and Keong, 2009). To remain competitive, the company needs to have strategic business operation strategies with among them having an effective and reliable supply chain (both inwards and outwards logistics). Analysis of the existing situation From the analysis of the current situation I the organization, the supply chain management can be commended for their effective supply chain management however the system is likely to be faced by a number of issues. The following are the areas that can be looked into: Expand to international supply o f waste paper for the company law materials Adopt a ‘just in time’ supply system Have an integrated supply chain management that connects all the 110 sites in a way that they can share resources Outsourcing some logistic services to reliable providers and Undertake massive research on the trend in different economies that it can make products that are responsive to consumers needs. Develop a value addition strategy Other than using recycling processes alone to conserve and preserve the environment, the company should diversify in other business that still respect the company’s motto of conservation(Goold and Campbell, 2002). Globalization has made it possible for companies to procure from differently countries, in their efforts to seek for quality products; this offers Visy and opportunity to sell its products globally and is affected indirectly by the increase in international trade. The company strategy supports green supply chain systems that have increasingl y being advocated for in the world, in green supply chain, the effects on environment are crucial component of a supply. Other than having, the physical goods there should be of the right quality and quantity. Companies that adopt a green supply chain enjoys a wider customers base; it is facilitated further by customer enlighten on issues pertaining environmental conservation. The increased presence of goods form international market has resulted to an increase in demand for environmentally friendly production.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Visy Supply Chain Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those companies who have focused on producing goods, which are environmentally friendly, have secured larger markets than those companies who have not. They are gaining more customer royalty than those whose products and mode of production is not environmentally friendly (Fugate, Mentzer and Stank, 2010). When v alue is added to the company products, customer will get a higher utility form the company and will be willing to buy the products. The company on the other hand will benefit a direct and indirect increase in sales resulting from its customer value increase. Conclusion Although Visy can be commended for being; leader in the recycling business, the company should not relax it value additions; it should invest further in technology and develop other ways of doing business. The company has been in the business for more than 62 years, thus it has a developed a pool of knowledge that it can depend on to improves its products and value they give to customers further. With the leadership in the industry and its strong brand name, the company has the opportunity to use brand extension strategies to increase its sales further. It can easily penetrate other markets as a buyer of recyclable waste material/semi-recycled materials and as a seller of its variable commodity. The global situation i s offering an opportunity to the company as it has embarked on massive campaigns to advocate for the use of environmentally friendly products; this has created a demand for the company’s products. With the current situation, the company is on a better platform to increase and diversify its operation through creating value in its customers and adding value to its products (Creswell, 1998). Recommendations Visy to tap the increasing demand for its products, then it has to develop quality, quantitative, price and logistic objectives. Supply chain management is a strategic management process that ensures that a company has the right goods at the right time and at a competitive cost. It should ensure that at any one time there are adequate materials for production of goods and services. Visy raw materials are mostly recycled paper products that need to be fetched and ensured they are of the right quality and quantity.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proper supplies of the materials from suppliers working for the company as contractors to collect the material and from companies established for that business (Arntzen, Brown, Harrison and Trafton, 1995). The following are the improvements that the company can make for better logistics eventually leading to an improved business: Value determination mechanisms Value in supplies for manufacture of good translates to value in finished goods. Though the company deals with wastes, not all wastes can be of the right quality. For an efficient supply chain management, there should be value determination mechanism set by the company (Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky and Simchi-levi, 2007). All goods getting in the company should be vetted for quality. Other than raw materials, there should be vetting of output in different stages of production to ensure that there is quality in the final output (Cooper, Lambert and Pagh, 1997). Different industries require different packaging’s; the company sho uld aim at developing a strong research team that analysis the different industries in the world so as it can advice the company effectively on the right material to fetch and use for products targeting certain industry. Supplier relation Visy should develop a good business relationship with its suppliers, as this will assist in making sure that there is reliability in the supply of materials. Suppliers in the company fall in the category of contractors and those companies in the business of supplying raw materials and semi finished goods. This will ensure that the company manufacturing is kept with the right materials always. On the other hand, it is easy to get goods at a better price and market data from suppliers whom the company has established good business relations (Mentzer,2001). Just in time supply mechanism The company should develop a ‘just in time’ supply management system; it creates mechanisms for efficiency and effectiveness in the system. The systems ar e structured in such a way that there is minimal supply in the store but the company has a constant and reliable supply of raw materials. It should undertake an internal analysis of its needs for production (Larson and Halldorsson, 2004). There are times that the company requires more products (this is mostly times of high production) and sometimes pit requires low supplies. This should be documented and the system made in such a way there is always a just in time supply. A just in time supply means that at any one point in time, the company is has adequate supply (Ward Glass, 2008). Supplier base management and Procurement department/ team There is more than one supplier capable of supplying the company with raw materials for its processes. However, they should be vetted to ensure that the best option has been selected (Ketchen and Hul,2006). With the increased industries requiring packaging materials, the company should enforce its research and development department to be able t o get the right supplier for different products. Procurement department is mandated with this task and considers factors like, Reliability: the company must be dependable thus it will not fail Visy, on the other hand it should be adjustable to demands of materials Capability: Visy being an international company, it requires suppliers who can meet its demand for raw materials. Price: the prices set by the supplying company should be set at the best price in the market at any one time. Past experiences: companies which the company has had a nice experience with the company should be used Quality assurance and effectiveness: the suppliers contracted should assure quality in their deliveries (Haag,2006). International logistics and integrated logistics With globalization and massive campaigns in environmental conservations, the company can tap international markets to get its raw materials. To get the supplies from these countries, the company has to understand customs and trade laws that exist between the procured country and Australia. When procuring internationally, to reduce transport costs, the company should get the products in semi-finished state like paper pulp. A contracted company in the country procured can do the semi manufacturing; this will increase raw materials and increase the base of material search. References Arntzen, B., Brown, G., Harrison, T. and Trafton, L., 1995. Global Supply Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation. Interfaces, 25(1), 69-93. Cooper, M.C., Lambert, D.M. and Pagh, J.. 1997. Supply Chain Management: More Than a New Name for Logistics. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 8(1), pp. 1–14. Creswell, J., 1998. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Fugate, B., Mentzer, J. and Stank, T.,2010. LOGISTICS PSERFORMANCE: EFFICIENCY, EFFECTIVENESS, AND DIFFERENTIATION. Journal of Business Logistics, 31(1), pp 43-62. Goold, M . and Campbell, A., 2002. Do you have a well-designed organization? Harvard Business Review, 80(3),pp 117-124. Hsu, C., Tan, K., Kannan, V. and Keong, G., 2009. Supply chain management practices as a mediator of the relationship between operations capability and firm performance. International Journal of Production Research, 47(3), pp 835-855. Haag, S. et el. ,2006. Management Information Systems For the Information Age. New Jersey: McGraw Hill Ryerson Ketchen Jr., G. and Hult, T.M.,2006. Bridging organization theory and supply chain management: The case of best value supply chains. Journal of Operations Management, 25(2),pp. 573-580. Khoo, H. H., Bainbridge, I., Spedding, T. A. and Taplin, D. R.,2001. Creating a Green Supply Chain. Greener Management International, 2(35), pp 71-78. Kouvelis, P., Chambers, C., Wang, H., 2006. Supply Chain Management Research and Production and Operations Management: Review, Trends, and Opportunities. In: Production and Operations Management, 15 (3), pp. 449–469. Larson, P.D. and Halldorsson, A. ,2004. Logistics versus supply chain management: an international survey. International Journal of Logistics: Research Application, 7, (1),Pp. 17-31. Mentzer, J. T.et el.,2001. Defining supply chain management. Journal of Business Logistics, 22(2), 1–26. Simchi-Levi D.,Kaminsky P. and Simchi-levi E., 2007. Designing and Managing the Supply Chain. New Jersey: Mcgraw Hill. Visy official website.2011. Visy for a better world. Available at  https://www.visy.com.au/innovative-packaging Ward Jr., M., and Glass, L., 2008.Inventory Management Systems. National Petroleum News, 100(1), p.24. This report on Visy Supply Chain Management was written and submitted by user Dirty F0x to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife

The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife Princess Louise Facts Known for:  sixth British princess named Princess Royal; daughter of King Edward VII, and granddaughter of Queen VictoriaDates:  February 20, 1867 – January 4, 1931Also known as: Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife, The Princess Louise, Princess Louise of Wales (at birth) Background, Family: Mother: Alexandra of Denmark (1844 – 1925): Alexandra, Princess of Wales, at the birth of Princess Louise, and later Queen Alexandra. Alexandra was the daughter of Christian IX of Denmark and his consort, Louise of Hesse-Kassel.Father: Edward (1841 – 1910), Prince of Wales, at the birth of Princess Louise, and later King Edward VII. Edward was the son of Queen Victoria and her consort, Prince Albert.Siblings: Prince Albert Victor (1864 – 1892), George V (1865 – 1936), Princess Victoria (1868 – 1935), Princess Maud (1869 – 1938, Queen consort of Norway), Prince Alexander John (1871 – 1871) Marriage, Children: Husband:   Alexander Duff, 6th Earl Fife, later 1st Duke of Fife (married July 27, 1889, died 1912) Children: Alistair Duff (1890 – 1890)Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (1891 – 1959): married Prince Arthur of Connaught and Strathearn, a grandson of Queen VictoriaPrincess Maud, Countess of Southesk (1893 – 1945): married Charles Carnegie, 11th Earl of Southesk Princess Louise Biography: Born at Marlborough House in London, the Princess Louise of Wales, she was the first daughter born after two sons.   Two more sisters arrived the following two years, and the three girls were rather close to each other in their youth, known for being very active though all became more shy and withdrawn as they grew up.   They were educated by governesses.   In 1895, the three sisters were among the bridesmaids at the wedding of their aunt, Princess Beatrice, youngest of Queen Victoria’s daughters. Because her father had two sons who could succeed him, Louise’s mother did not think that the daughters should marry.   Victoria, the sister who followed Louise, never did. Louise nevertheless married Alexander Duff, who was the sixth Earl Fife and a descendant of William IV through one of that king’s illegitimate children. Her husband was created a duke when they married in 1889, just a month after their engagement. Louise’s first child was a stillborn son, born soon after their marriage.   Two daughters, Alexandra   and Maud, born in 1891 and 1893, completed the family. When Louise’s eldest brother died in 1892 at the age of 28, her next eldest brother, George, became the second in the line of succession, after their father, Edward. This put Louise third in line, and unless Louise’s only surviving brother, then unmarried, had legitimate offspring, her daughters would be next in the line of succession – and they were, unless royal decree changed their status, technically commoners.   In 1893, George married Mary of Teck who had been engaged to his older brother, thus making the succession of Louise or her daughters unlikely.   Louise hosted the marriage of her brother. Princess Louise, after her marriage, lived quite privately.   Her father succeeded his mother, Queen Victoria, in 1901, and in 1905 bestowed on Louise the title of Princess Royal, a title reserved for the eldest daughter of a reigning monarch, though not always given.   She was the sixth such Princess Royal. At the same time, her daughters were created princesses and given the title of highness.   They were the only female-line descendants of a British sovereign to be given the title of Princess of Great Britain and Ireland. In December of 1911, on a trip to Egypt, the family was shipwrecked off Morocco.   The Duke became ill of pleurisy, and died the next month. His eldest daughter by Louise, Alexandra, inherited the title of Duchess.   She married a first cousin once removed, Prince Arthur of Connaught and Strathean, a grandson of Queen Victoria, and thus had the title of royal highness. Louise’s younger daughter Maud married Lord Carnegie in 1923, and was thereafter known as Lady Carnegie, rather than Princess, for most purposes.   Maud’s son was James Carnegie, who inherited the title of Duke of Fife as well as Earl of Sothesk. Louise, The Princess Royal, died at home in London in 1931.   She was buried in St. Georges Chapel, and her remains later moved to a private chapel at another of her resisdences, Mar Lodge in Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

Reaction and reasons Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reaction and reasons - Assignment Example It would appear that somebody is regularly striking something on the surface, like a workman at his work, striking with a hammer. You never know how it will end, or if it is just the beginning of something, but as time moves, it appears endless and boring as one finds difficulty in getting absorbed in the whole experience. When it reached 25-30 seconds in the time count, the tones suddenly falls down and there is a bit of struggling to get the tone. Like the beginning, the tone is not continuous, and there is a pause from the first sound to the next. However, there pitch is uniform, and the tones coming at regular intervals. The struggle you put in makes you absorbed in the proceedings in a way and it feels your mind with the feelings of sadness. The sadness is inexplicable but may be due to the the level of the tones and the strokes coming out of the music. On the other hand, you may imagine a scenario where one is travelling on a lonely path, all alone and losing hope. This then changes at between 33-35 seconds when the tone rises sharply. The sharp rise brings a lot of difference to the feelings. You get interested in the music as the sound of thumbing appears to be coming out of the music. It gives a feeling of happiness and expectations of something better. The mind becomes lively for once s you get involved and absorbed in the music. In this instance I began to imagine a music event I attended back where there was a lot of dancing and partying. Essentially, there was happiness and this was accentuated even more with the fast pace of the strokes coming from the music. At 55-56 seconds, the tone changes to very low pitch, which is dragging unlike in the beginning where the pitch was sharp. This is a bit continuous. But besides, it comes at regular intervals, each time repeating the same pattern. It brings to mind images of struggle. Like an old vehicle struggle to move uphill, each time making small progress. The process

Research proposal (research method) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research proposal (research method) - Essay Example This research would particularly determine the impact on the family after the institutionalization of the patient. Accordingly, the sample would be taken from at least ten different nursing homes. The family members of at least three patients who have been diagnosed with alzheimers from ten nursing homes would be mailed a letter inviting them to participate. There may be reluctance on the part of some of them to participate and comply with the research. Only those that have been institutionalized for over three months would be included in the research process because a minimum time is needed to determine the impact. The hospital authorities would first be approached to collect a list of the Alzheimer patients and then the family members who have been in regular contact with the patient contacted through mail. This would include primarily the children but if grandchldren too have been involved as seconday caregivers, they would be included. The questionnaires would be mailed to the caregivers as they may be reluctant to speak out or fatigue and depression may distort responses. It is assumed that they would be willing to give vent to their feelings in the settings of their own homes which would also help to maintain privacy. Data would be collected through self-completion questionnaires as this method of data collection allows the ability for unambiguous quantitative data to be collected (Redmond & Griffith 2003). This questionnaire wud be developed specifically for this study although guidelines may be adopted from previous studies. Wherever possible, family members that have been secondary caregivers would also be asked to complete the questionnaire in addition to the primary caregivers, which would help to corroborate the results. This would be particularly helpful for this research because it is essential to determine how the caregivers are affected after the

Privacy and Business Obligations in the Age of Global Terrorism Assignment

Privacy and Business Obligations in the Age of Global Terrorism - Assignment Example Privacy and Business Obligations in the Age of Global Terrorism They [businesses] deal with an enlightened population who understand the dangers posed by a surveillance-state on their privacy. The fact that businesses are now manufacturing products with enhanced security features only echoes the consumers’ unwillingness to accept unwarranted access to their electronic communications, to which they [businesses] are obliged to follow in accordance to the laws in place or risk losing their businesses altogether. While it is easy to understand the government’s unquenchable desire to collect and store as much information as possible about every individual, more so of suspicious characters the world over with minimal obstacles, the desire does not make such approaches Constitutional, legal, or wise; and the pervasive surveillance and collection of data around the world, including those in power such as Angela Markel, over the past few years demonstrates drifts off-course from reasonable lines by the intelligence community. The claim of public good does not make the total disregard of the rule of law any lesser offence, and such demands must be accompanied with lawful search warrants which respects constitutional imperatives if access is to be granted. Q. 2 When considering that technology enables terrorists to formulate complex plots to kill innocents, do private corporations have any legitimate ground on which to make it more difficult for government agencies like the NSA to gather information pertinent to thwarting those attacks?

Developing Teamwork in Project Management

Developing Teamwork in Project Management To achieve stated goals and objectives people in organizations work in teams. These teams go through various stages. The extent to which project leadership success or failure, relates to the stages of teams formation, in the pursuance of these goals and objectives are not clear cut as past researches have given divided opinion and bringing other factors in contention. This assignment will introduce the concept of team formation and project leadership and critically discuss the extent to which the stages of team formation relate to the success or failure of project leadership. Introduction To critically evaluate how the stages of team formation relate to the success or failure of project leadership, Tuckmans team building model which explain the five forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning stages of the team formation (please see appendix 1) and Blanchards situational leadership model which explain the four leadership styles that a leader should adopt during the team development situations will be evaluated as the team behaviour and leadership style can be clearly seen in these two models. Tuckmans model emphasis that as the team develops, the leader changes leadership style. At the forming stage a successful leader follow a directing style which is similar to telling phase described in situational leadership model, at the storming stage leader coaches their team to come out from the conflict which is similar to the selling phase of the situational leadership style model, at the norming stage the leader facilitates its team to develop standards which is s imilar to the participating phase of the situational leadership model, at the performing stage leader delegate task to the members and almost detached which is similar to the delegating stage of the situational leadership model. Tuckmans team building model Blanchards situational leadership model Discussion The different stages of team building and their relation to the success or failure to the project leadership are explained as follow: Stage 1 Forming: At this stage the team initially formed, the team members meet each other; identify the purpose of the team, terms of reference and its composition. Team members endeavor to test each other, establish their personal identity and create an impression within the group with most consideration given to structure of the team, code of conduct, objectives, individual roles and responsibilities. If the team is more diverse, it is more difficult for the team to maneuver through as this stage takes longer. Therefore, in the formation of multicultural teams it is a particularly sensitive stage as it is characterized by commonality, courtesy, caution and confusion. To take the team to the performing stage leadership is crucial. Team members will not be comfortable if there is lack of clarity. If a leader could not direct the team members effectively, team would not able to reach the next stages of the team formation; therefore this stage does impact the success or failure of the project leadership. When team members truly consider that they are the part of a team, generally this stage is complete. Member competencies needed: Leadership competencies needed: Asking open-ended questions Maintaining equity and being fair Listening without making assumptions and judgments Helping the group to articulate its purpose and overriding goal Observing group patterns of communication Facilitating discussions Using inclusive communication patterns Intervening to include all Disclosing ones needs appropriately Stage 2 Storming: This phase of team development is typically marked by conflict between team members, criticism and tension. Conflict arises due to the competing approaches to obtain the groups goals, disagreements over responsibilities and appropriate task related behavior. Team members might disagree about who should be leading the team and how much power the team leader should have and can result in redefining of the teams overall goals and specific tasks. Team members are likely to individually decide their level of commitment to the group tasks and extent, to which they like the team tasks, therefore may resist the control imposed by the team. At storming stage the team members may begin to withdraw, therefore this stage relates to the success or failure of the project leadership. If leaders coach their teams effectively, teams can proceed to the next stage. Therefore this stage is a critical stage for the group survival and effectiveness as the conflict harms the team progress and negatively affects some interpersonal relationship. When teams control is no longer resisted by the team members and everyone in the team agree about who will lead the team, this storming stage is completed. Member competencies needed: Leadership competencies needed: Using inclusive language and behaviors Establishing an agreed-upon work plan Managing emotional expression Using mediation skills Giving and receiving feedback appropriately Using diverse methods of feedback and conflict transformation Stage 3 Norming: At this stage norms and expectations about what different members are responsible for doing are realize and develop as the team delineates task standards, develop intra group cohesiveness and establish standards, rules and regulations. Team members really start to feel their belongings to the team and the development of close ties with other team members. Therefore this phase of team development is characterized by: commitment, collaboration, cooperation and cohesion as team members attempts to mutually agree upon objectives and goals, accept different opinion and try to open exchange of information. Feeling of belongings and friendship to team, help to work towards team goals. At the norming stage the leader facilitates and enables their team to establish the standards and reach to the performing stage. By the end of this stage, standards to guide behavior in the group are agreed by the team members. This stage is similar to the participating stage of the situational leadership model. If the leader does not participate to establish standards, the team may develop their own standards and norms which may me contrary to the project overall objectives and lead to the project leadership failure. At this stage the major decisions are normally made by the team members jointly and the minor decisions may be delegate to the individuals. Member competencies needed: Leadership competencies needed: Demonstrating support on task and in relationships Reinforcing high standards for task Recognizing individual and cultural differences in how appreciation is shown Coaching where needed Stage 4 Performing: This is the stage at which real work is done, team members know their role and duties and performing their work according to the expectations. Team members concentrate on the achievement of common goals and objectives. Sometime it can take long to reach to the performing stage, in most cases when they are self-managed work teams. Team members make progress towards common goals and feel comfortable working within their roles. This phase is marked by consideration among members, creativity challenge and group consciousness. At this stage the team morale is high and team has a good ability to focus on the task as relationship issues have been resolved. At the performing stage the team may produce another successor leader. At this stage the team members does not need assistance and instructions, but they need delegated tasks from the leader. Therefore at this stage leader delegates, observes and almost detach, this stage is similar to the delegating stage of the situational leadership model. This is the main stage where actual work will take place; delegation of wrong tasks to wrong person may lead to project leadership failure. Member competencies needed: Leadership competencies needed: Adapting and changing Establishing a process for incorporating change and renewal Including new members Sharing leadership Stage 5 Reforming or Adjourning: At this stage a task force teams disbands after the fulfillment of its goals or due to poor performance. But some teams are permanent (ongoing work teams), therefore may not reach to the adjourning stage and often remain to the performing stage. This final stage can be characterized by communication, closure, compromise and consensus. The adjourning phase is not the main task of developing a team, but this stage is very relevant to the team members. Stage Leadership Activity Forming Direct the team and establish objectives clearly by negotiating ground rules. Storming Establish process and structure, and work to smooth conflict and build good relationships between team members. Generally provide support, especially to those team members who are less secure. Remain positive and firm in the face of challenges. Explain forming, storming, norming and performing idea for people to understand why conflicts occurring, and that things will get better in the future. Teaching assertiveness and conflict resolution skills. Norming Help the team take responsibility for progress towards the goal by arranging a social, or a team-building event. Performing Delegate as far as possible. Once the team has achieved high performance, the aim now is to have as light a touch as possible by focusing on other goals and areas of work. Adjourning When successfully achieved the objectives time should be taken to celebrate the achievements. The above table clearly depict the relation between the stages of team formation and successful project leadership, the reverse will mean failure. 4. Conclusion Teams are formed because they can achieve far more than their individual members can on their own, and while being part of a high-performing team can be fun, it can take patience and professionalism to get to that stage. Effective team leaders can accelerate that process and reduce the difficulties that team members experience by understanding what they need to do as their team moves through the stages from forming to storming, norming and, finally, performing. Successful project leadership should realize that not all teams and situations will behave in the way depicted by Tuckman. However, in using this approach, the leader should not attempt to force situations to fit it but make sure that people dont use knowledge of the storming stage as a license for boorish behavior. There are some drawback with Tuckmans team formation modal as it does not talk about the time teams do spend and should spend in different project and external environment does not take into account. Paper 2 Critically evaluate of the dynamic between Task, Team and Individual as related to managing a project successfully. Abstract People in organizations work in teams in achieving stated goals and objectives. The extent to which project success relates to the management of task, the individuals and the teams formation in the pursuance of these goals and objectives are not of equal proportion and need to be well judged and balanced by the leader. This assignment will use John Adairs Action Centre Leadership model to related the dynamic between task, individuals and team; critically discussing the extent to which these three needs are related to the management of a successful project. Introduction One person cannot handle whole project, he/she need other individuals an effective team to successfully complete the project. An effective team is a team who has high commitment, is highly appreciated by upper management, is always ready (adaptive) to change open to new ideas and always achieves its goals. Bailey and Cohen (1997: 4) considers a team as a collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, see themselves and are seen by others as an intact social entity, embedded in one or more larger social systems and who manage their relationships across organizational boundaries. Adairs Action Centred Action (ACT) model will be used to find the dynamic between task, team and individual as relate to managing projects successfully, as this model identifies three core interrelated functions, which explain the management and leaders core management responsibility. These three core function consist task: achieving the teams goal. team: developing and building your team, so that its ever more effective. individual: helping individuals develop their full potential in the workplace. Discussion Davis (2001) identified three factors, which can determine whether the team is effective or not, such as: The people (individual) within the team: Effective team determining factor for individual aspect include personal job satisfaction, low or no conflict and power struggles, having job security, appreciation by management and mutual trust of colleagues. The organizations rules and culture: includes the people do thinks and believes of the individuals. The tasks to be completed: including appropriate leadership, team involvement in decisions, appropriately skilled team members, challenging work, goals and objectives. According to Davis (2001) it is easy to appreciate the impact of organizational rules and job tasks on each other and on people (individual), but it is much more difficult to understand the impact of individual-related factors on other factors of successful teams of a successful project. Individual related factor such as trust is a major component in forming an effective working team that achieves results. Leaders/ managers are primarily responsible for creating trust. Adair (1997) describe the best leaders is who balance the task, team maintenance, and individual needs. Balancing task, team and individual Adair found that effective leaders pay attention to three areas of need for members of the team: those relating to the task, to the team itself and to individual team members with emphasis on variation with all three interdependent variables. Teams can be more effective for making decisions effectively and quickly than the traditional hierarchical structure according to the large body of research (Thompson 2008). As group members come and go, due to turnover, promotions, hiring and other reasons; therefore resulted over time change in teams, goals, group tasks etc (George et al. 2008). Teams can be classified on the basis of size, organizational level, composition, potential contribution to organizational performance, objectives, permanent versus temporary. According to Colloquia et al., there are 5 general types of teams such as work teams, management teams, parallel teams, project teams and virtual teams. Leadership is the ability to affect human behaviour to accomplish a mission, the act of influencing people to set and achieve goals (McGraw, 2009). Great leaders are visionary people who are able to achieve results using people. They exhibits authority in themselves and exhume confidence in their team members. Some leaders are democratic, allowing team members to express their opinions. Some are dictatorial, explaining what they want from their teams to the team members to execute. All styles have opportunity and challenges and may be used in certain circumstances. Team leaders must also realise that there are different types of human traits that can be exhibited among team members. These traits rarely have advantage over others as they are complementary. It is the duty of an effective team leader to identify the trait in individual members of his or her team and know how to use the qualities to advantage. All these traits have the qualities which effective team leaders can exploit and none is better than the other. Tasks are those activities that need to done in order to achieve the desired goals and outcome. Leader can help to facilitate these tasks by planning the work, allocating the resources, checking performance and reviewing progress. Team maintenance relates to maintaining good relation and building team spirit, training the group, maintaining discipline. Individual needs can be satisfied by attending to personal problems, training the individual, giving them status and praise, meeting their needs and reconciling conflicts between group needs. To achieve the task, management should make it clear who is going to do what, proper delegation of responsibilities, everyone is clear about the objectives, is adequate authority delegating to the team, are working conditions right for the group, have the time planned affectively, who will cover the absent person, is there adequate resources to complete the tasks. In building and maintaining the team, management should make it clear is the size of the team is correct, are the right people working together, are the rules seen to be reasonable, is the team motivated to achieve the tasks, is the conflict dealt properly, does the team accept the objectives do the team knows about the expected standards of performance. In developing the individual, management should make it clear that have the targets been agreed and quantified, does the individual know about their contribution to work, overall result, does the individual got sufficient authority to achieve the task delegate to them and has adequate provisions been made for retaining and training team members. According to the Hackman (1987), there are 3 primary definitions of team success, and these relate to the task, social relations, and individuals. A successful team completes its task. While completing the task, team members develop social relations that help them work together and maintain the team. Teamwork should help to improve an individuals social and interpersonal skills. Mullins (2010:369) suggests that the action taken by the leader in any one of these area of need will affect one or both of the other areas of need with the ideal position been the complete integration towards the achievement of all three. However, building the team and satisfying individual needs are considered to be part of leadership whilst achieving the common task involves the process of management. According to Robbins (1998) Individual behavior have key variables, which make up individual difference. Every individual has their own attitudes, personality, values, talent, ability to learn, motivation factors, perceptions. Different nature of these variables (attributes) make individual different. Attitude is the judgment an individual make about events and people. This judgement can be positive or negative. Basic values influenced attitude and attitude affect the individual behaviour. Sometime attitudes can change, while values are unlikely to change. Values: Values are the general belief about what is good and bad. Values affect the individual behavior and attitude and difficult to change. Personality: Individual act and behave in a particular way, which called personality. Personality can be learned and inherited. Talent: Talent means the intelligence and ability of the individual. Level of persons talent will depend on how those people perform their job. Ability to learn: This is related to the change in behavior based on experience and getting new ideas. Motivation: Motivation means willing to do something with inspiration, not by force. Different individual have different motivating factors, such as money, name and fame etc. According to Bowditch et al the motivation of team members of joining a team, strongly influence cohesiveness of the team and the members productivity. Perception: Different people give different meaning to what they see around them; therefore people perceive things in different ways. By Knowing about individual differences leaders can understand why individual respond differently. Leaders should appreciate that it is difficult to change values, therefore they may be try to change attitude. As attitude affect behavior, which affect job performance and motivation. The key learning point from these different factors is that if leader want to get best from their team he should appreciate that individuals need to be treated differently. There is also Myer-Briggs model (1956) which effective team leaders have to contend with. This model is about personality types. Myer-Briggs identified four ways people differ from each other. These are: the way they think; the way they view; the way they feel/perceive and the way they see things. Team diversity include language difference, cultural difference, background difference, qualification difference, class, age, sex and experience also have effects in a team which the leader must manage. Mckenna and Maister draw attention on the importance of group leader establishing trust among the group by helping them understand the behaviours that build trust (Cited in Mullins, 2010). Successful project management will require the following list of common tasks for each of the three management responsibilities so that leaders will balance their resources appropriately. Task:Â  Establish deadlines for project tasks, and explain the quality standards expected. Team:Â  Ensure that everyone in the team has the skills and training to accomplish the final goal Individual:Â  Help define each individuals role within the team and agree the tasks they are responsible for. Task:Â  Clearly state the final goal of the team. Team:Â  Monitor team relationships, and resolve conflicts where necessary. Individual:Â  Appropriately praise and reward individual team members for their contribution to the team. Task:Â  Ensure everyone understands the resources, people, and processes that they should be using Team:Â  If team will be working in smaller teams, appoint a leader for each team, and ensure that he/she is effective and properly trained. Individual:Â  Ensure that one on one time is spent with each member: identify their strengths and weaknesses, their needs, and any special skills they can bring to the team. Task:Â  Create a detailed plan for how the group is going to reach their final goal. Team:Â  Work on keeping the team motivated with high morale. Individual:Â  If any team members seem to be lagging behind, coach them until they are back on track. Task:Â  Identify the purpose of the team and communicate team members. Team:Â  Identify the style the team will be working in (very formal, relaxed, etc.) Individual:Â  Ensure each team member has the skills to perform his or her role successfully. Give regular feedback on the teams performance. 4. Conclusion Leaders have many responsibilities when it comes to managing their teams. And, its easy to get so focused on one area that the others slip by the wayside, leading to an unbalanced, poorly-functioning group. ACL model states that leaders must balance the actions they take across all three key areas if they want their project to succeed. The areas are interdependent; if a leader focuses too much on one area and neglects the other two, then the group will experience problems. The leaders do not necessarily have to divide their efforts equally across these but balance according to the situation and over time. Using a tool like Action Centered Leadership can help any leader stay on top of the most important responsibilities, and keep the group working efficiently, happily, and productively. John Adairs simple Action-Centered Leadership model provides a great blueprint for leadership and the management of any team, group or organisation. Good managers and leaders should have full command of the three main areas of the ACL model, and should be able to use each of the elements according to the situation. Leaders who are able to achieve the task; building the team and develop keeping the right balance, gets results, builds morale, improves quality, develops teams and productivity, and is the mark of a success. References and Bibliography: Adair, J (1997), cited in Management Extra Leading Teams; page 43 Bailey and Cohen (1997), cited in Halverson B. Claire; Trims S. Aleel: Effective Multicultural Teams-Theory and Practice, page 4 Belbin R. Meredith: Team Roles at work; 2nd Edition, page 122 Belbin, M. (2004) Management Teams Why They Succeed or Fail? 2nd Edition. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0 7506 910 6. Colquitt A., Jason; Lepine A., Jeffery; Wesson J., Michael: Organizational Behaviour (2nd Edition) Daniel Levi: Group Dynamics for Teams (2nd Edition) page 20 George M., Jennifer; Jones R., Gareth; Understanding and managing organizational Behaviour (5th Edition.); 2008 Harvard Davis (2001), cited in Management Extra Leading Teams; page 7 Hondon (2002), cited in Managing People in Organizations Contemporary Theory and Practice by Dr Jeremy Adams. Making the team: a guide for managers / Leigh L. Thompson. (3rd Edition) Mullins J., Laurie (2010): Managing and Organizational Behaviour (8th Edition), Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1947) The German Ideology. New York: International Publishers. Oyedele, O (2010) Team Management: Lessons from the Leadership Styles of Successful Team Managers, Glasgow Caledonian University, June 2010 Robbins (1998), cited in Management Extra Leading Teams; page 7 Thompson, L. (2008). Leading high impact teams. Team leadership survey from the Kellogg School of Management Executive Program. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, cited in Making the team: a guide for managers/ Leigh L. Thompson. (3rd Edition)

Under The Spell :: Creative Writing Short Stories Traveling Essays

Under The Spell "The great advantage of having an ancestry like that of a mongrel dog is I have so many ancestral homes to go home to." We caught the ferry from Le Havre, France to Ireland, land of my ancestors. Every since I was a wee lad, my mind has been used as a canvas by every Irishman who has been displaced from the Emerald Isle. A picture of quaintness bordering upon myth. Cute I thought it would be, but never as much as the tourist hype I had read. I donned my suit of armor constructed of cynicism, forged by age. Protected thus from the hype, I the ancestral child would see Ireland as it really is. Mind you, no tourist hype for me. The ship pulled in to Rosslare Harbor near Wexford and lowered its gangplank. I made it most of the way down before I was sucked clean out of my armor into, head over heels, and under the spell of the Emerald Isle. We had arranged for a rental car, to be picked upon arrival at the harbor. I thought perhaps we would be shown how to operate it. Instead the attendant said in his sweet Irish brogue, "It's the wee red one over there," and handed me the keys. Still dazed by the sudden entrance in to "The Spell" we sped off in our wee red Ford Fiesta. Every so many hundred yards along the road signs reminded us to "Drive to the left." On the open road it was no problem, however moments later in the congestion of Wexford I was near panic, yelling at Travis to help remind me what side of the street I was on. It didn't help that he often mixes left and right up in his mind, some sort of hereditary functional disorder. I almost broke out in sweat when I had to make my first right turn feeling as though I was going head on into the oncoming traffic. By the time we got through Wexford I was in desperate need to stop for a wee pee. I saw a small side road and took that hoping to find a secluded spot to relieve myself. I discovered that when you leave the main roads in Ireland you are almost immediately secluded. We stopped in front of an old abandoned barn made of stone with an unusual door shaped like a horseshoe. The earth smelled wet and fresh and was a bit boggy, more so when I departed. It was only a few hundred yards before we learned our first rule of driving in Ireland. Under The Spell :: Creative Writing Short Stories Traveling Essays Under The Spell "The great advantage of having an ancestry like that of a mongrel dog is I have so many ancestral homes to go home to." We caught the ferry from Le Havre, France to Ireland, land of my ancestors. Every since I was a wee lad, my mind has been used as a canvas by every Irishman who has been displaced from the Emerald Isle. A picture of quaintness bordering upon myth. Cute I thought it would be, but never as much as the tourist hype I had read. I donned my suit of armor constructed of cynicism, forged by age. Protected thus from the hype, I the ancestral child would see Ireland as it really is. Mind you, no tourist hype for me. The ship pulled in to Rosslare Harbor near Wexford and lowered its gangplank. I made it most of the way down before I was sucked clean out of my armor into, head over heels, and under the spell of the Emerald Isle. We had arranged for a rental car, to be picked upon arrival at the harbor. I thought perhaps we would be shown how to operate it. Instead the attendant said in his sweet Irish brogue, "It's the wee red one over there," and handed me the keys. Still dazed by the sudden entrance in to "The Spell" we sped off in our wee red Ford Fiesta. Every so many hundred yards along the road signs reminded us to "Drive to the left." On the open road it was no problem, however moments later in the congestion of Wexford I was near panic, yelling at Travis to help remind me what side of the street I was on. It didn't help that he often mixes left and right up in his mind, some sort of hereditary functional disorder. I almost broke out in sweat when I had to make my first right turn feeling as though I was going head on into the oncoming traffic. By the time we got through Wexford I was in desperate need to stop for a wee pee. I saw a small side road and took that hoping to find a secluded spot to relieve myself. I discovered that when you leave the main roads in Ireland you are almost immediately secluded. We stopped in front of an old abandoned barn made of stone with an unusual door shaped like a horseshoe. The earth smelled wet and fresh and was a bit boggy, more so when I departed. It was only a few hundred yards before we learned our first rule of driving in Ireland.

Renaissance period

In the Renaissance period, there had been evidence that mentally people did already exist. In this period, the beliefs which mainly came from the Middle Ages were dragged into renaissance period. This is the ideology that people under mental disorder or people who are mentally ill are those who were casted by or cursed by evil spirits (Administrator, 2006).Certain people under this kind of disorder where locked away during this time, they are being placed in cells and they are not being taken care of by any physicians. These people are said to be tortured instead of being cured, they are often being locked up inside the closets and even in cages because of their being disobedient caused by their unknown mental disorder (Administrator, 2006).On the year 1493-1541 Paracelsus had this ideology that mental illness is not really cause by evil spirits but then people during this time did not took his idea as merely fact and instead the people continued the way on how they treat mentally di sordered ones.It is explained that people with this kind of problem during the renaissance time only talk and interact with people of their same disorder. It is because they are the ones who are considered dangerous and incompetent (Administrator, 2006).As a result to lack of care and attention for seeking cure, people who are mentally ill during the renaissance period are experiencing difficulties which cause their mental health to be more of a problem because instead of being reversed, they become more mentally ill (Administrator, 2006).The cruel treatments such as torture for the mentally ill people were lessened during the 17th century where the first mental hospital was established in England. People in this ward were viewed like animals in the zoo during this time and there were no further studies made to cure such mental problem until the mid 18th century (Administrator, 2006).References Administrator.(2006).History[ElectronicVersion]from http://www.afunnyfarm.org.uk/index.ph p?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=18&Itemid=39.

Term Paper Writing Help

Term Paper Writing Help Term Paper Writing Help Term Paper Writing Help As a college or university student, you have to complete writing assignments of numerous courses in economics, science, technology, management, etc.   Every tutor has his own rules and instructions for term paper writing.  However, if you are assigned to write a literary term paper, for example, the first thing you should remember is that your paper should be focused on a specific text.   Your task is to conduct a research and find out what the critics say about the text you have chosen and the author of it.   The main purpose of term paper writing is to conduct a research and find out supporting information to prove your assumptions and ideas.   While writing a literary term paper, you should use approximately 10 sources in addition to primary text.   Nevertheless, the number of secondary sources depends on term paper topic and the requirements of your tutor.   Once you have collected all necessary sources, you need to write a literature review. While writing a term paper body, you should discuss and analyze the topic.   Keep in mind that analysis is not a summary of the main points.   You should include opinion of different authors and include information from relevant studies and experiments.   If you are writing a term paper on literary text, you should dissect the text and find interesting points for discussion.   Most of the tutors prefer usage of MLA writing and referencing style.   While writing a term paper, you should cite all of the sources used and cited for term paper writing.   Make sure to follow the required citation format.   Include works cited page at the end of the paper.   Works cited list should include all of the sources cited in term paper.   Do not forget that all of the sources should be arranged in alphabetical order. Term Paper Writing Help Some tips on term paper format: It should have one-inch margins on all sides. Paragraphs must be indented half an inch. Term paper should be double-spaced. It should include quotations, notes, and the list of works cited. The title page isn't necessary for academic term paper. Type your name, your instructor's name, the course name and number, and the date at the top of the first page. Term Paper Writing Service If you are not sure how to start writing your term paper, you may ask our writers for assistance and we will write an impressive term paper for you.   to write a good term paper on any topic and of any academic level.   Do not hesitate to place an order and you will be very impressed with the high quality of our writing services!

Making College the Experience of a Lifetime

Making College the Experience of a Lifetime Its all about balance. There are three aspects to college life academic, social, and personal growth. If you intend to get the most out of college, then you have to focus on all three in the right amounts. If you do, you will end your college years very grateful for the experience. You will also be prepared for almost anything that life may sling at you. Academic Given the cost of a college education today, you cannot afford to push your academic work to the back seat. And a low GPA is kind of a turnoff to potential employers. Here are some key tips to keep those academics in the forefront: Get to class. Things go on there that someone elses notes may not cover. You will want to be present for discussions and lectures and also to be seen by your professors. Some of them still take roll, and some of them are pretty unimpressed when students dont show up. Use technology. You will have a portal for every course with syllabus, assignments, and submission procedures. But, beyond that, find the technology that works for you, and that means apps to keep yourself organized, to record lectures and take pictures of stuff on those whiteboards. There are also great student websites where you can join online study groups, make your own flash cards, etc. Get Help When you are Struggling: Every campus has a writing lab and usually other resources for extra help if you are struggling in any of your courses. Dont wait until its too late. And if you get too far behind in those essay and paper assignments, find an online writing service you can trust. Social One of the great experiences of college life is the social activities and connections you will make. Become active in lots of clubs and informal groups. Many of the friendships you develop in college will be lifetime ones. A few tips: Be as open an outgoing as you can. Mingle with various groups a lot. It is the exposure to a wide variety of individuals that makes you a more social being once you enter the world of work and must relate to all kinds of people. Your horizons are expanding embrace all of those expansions. Enjoy the parties and the spontaneous gatherings that always seem to come up. College is not supposed to be all work. One word of caution: dont let your partying go to the extreme that your grades suffer. That GPA will be more important than how many beers you can down in one night. Personal Growth This is a huge aspect of college life, for it will determine who you are as an adult and how well you can manage the real world. There are a few things to keep in mind: Expose yourself to a variety of values and beliefs. This is the time during which you need to refine your identity as an adult .College environments are richly diverse. Make it a point to explore and better determine who you will become. Become involved in one or two campus organizations, in addition to any sorority or fraternity you might join. Try to gain leadership roles, for you will learn a great deal of team building and interpersonal relationships skills that will serve you well as an adult. Learn to Manage Time and Money. These are two very practical and worthwhile skills. You will use them forever, so learn them now when the consequences of mistakes will not be as severe as later on. There is nothing else in life that will ever replicate your college experience. Take it all in, learn, and grow.

International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International Trade - Essay Example Eventually, globalization of trade worked in some countries better than others. Stiglitz takes a closer look at globalization and its effects leading to disparity of growth in different countries. Among the factors he identifies are the following. First, he talks about the lack of ready capital flow. Countries such as the US made readily available grants to commerce making it easy for new enterprises to emerge to take advantage of global trade. Secondly, Asian countries experienced rapid exponential economic growth due to their emphasis on industrialization rather than educational programs. Thirdly, he blames the neo-classical theories, which asked developing countries to emphasize on manpower training rather than capital flow to enterprise. The result was rampant joblessness, poverty and desperation in these countries; rather than the envisaged economic growth. Finally, he points out that the disparities between experiences countries in the New Economy depend on their own policies which enable them to take advantage of it to grow or otherwise. Stiglitz is right on many counts. His criticism of the neo-classical theory that portrayed globalization as the panacea for all the world’s pre-existing economic problems, such as the disparities in wealth, is justified. He points out that South American countries have emerged all the poorer compared to their northern neighbour the US. In Africa, the poverty situation is worsening. The main difference between those who have become richer and those who have stagnated is in terms of policies. Countries that had a readily available trained manpower base and credit capital like the US did better than others in the New Economy. As a result, economies of world nations diverged instead of converging. Secondly, he points out that countries such as China did not embrace international economic ideologies fully, but adopted positive ideas while

Write about the arguments for and against developing a genetic Essay

Write about the arguments for and against developing a genetic fingerprint profile for all members of society - Essay Example The fragments produced are invisible at this stage and so the fragments are transferred to a nylon membrane using southern blotting which involves adding a layer f absorbent paper to the nylon membrane. The DNA is then drawn upwards by capillary motion. The DNA fragments are then denatured by heating to give single stranded DNA. A radioactive isotope f phosphorus with a base sequence identical to one f the VNTR sequences is used to locate the particular bands. This is also known as a DNA probe and it binds to its complementary single stranded DNA. Any excess probe is washed off. The probes are accurately located by placing X-ray film over the nylon membrane. DNA fingerprinting is a method that compares the fragments f DNA. DNA fingerprinting was first invented to detect the presence f genetic diseases. Today, DNA fingerprinting is used in different ways. DNA is analyzed using a Southern Blot, which allows scientists to observe the base pair patterns. DNA fingerprinting can be used in a few different ways. First, to find out if the child belongs to a person DNA fingerprinting may be used. When a child is born, it inherits the VNTR's from the father and the mother. VNTR's are variable number tandem repeats, which is repeated sequences f base pairs. The VNTR patterns are used to determine the father or mother.